2023年山东学位英语考试阅读理解（十二）

Baekeland（贝克尔） and Hartmann（哈特曼） report（汇报） that the “short sleepers（睡眠少的人）”had been more or less average（平均的） in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens（青少年）. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily（自愿的） began cutting down（减少，削减） their nightly sleep time because of pressures（压力） from school, work, and other activities（活动）. These men tended to view their nightly periods of（周期） unconsciousness（无意识） as bothersome（令人烦恼的） interruptions（中断） in their daily routines（例行程序）.

In general, these “short sleeps”appeared ambitious（雄心勃勃的）, active, energetic（精力充沛的）, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career（生涯） choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge（催促） to appear “normal（典型的）”or “acceptable（可接受的）”to their friends and associates（合伙人）.

When asked to recall（回想起） their dreams, the “short sleepers”did poorly（糟糕地）. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion（同样）, their usual way of dealing with psychological（心理的） problems was to deny that the problem existed（存在）, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away（消失）.

The sleep patterns （模仿）of the “short sleepers”were simila（类似的）r to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns（榜样） shown by many mental patients（患者） categorized（把...归类） as manic(疯人).

The “long sleepers”were quite different indeed（确实）. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy（长的，漫长的） sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned（忧虑的） when they were occasionally（偶尔） deprived（缺少食物的） of their desired（渴望的） 9 hours of nightly（每夜的） bed rest. They tended（照料） to recall（召回） their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”

Many of the “long sleepers”were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly（特别，尤其） in social situations（位置）). Several openly（公开的） states that sleep was an escape（逃离） from their daily problems.

1. According to the report,______.

A) many short sleepers need less sleep by nature

B) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are

busy with their work

C) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day

D) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood

2. Many “short sleepers”are likely to hold the view that _____.

A) sleep is a withdrawal from the reality

B) sleep interferes with their sound judgement

C) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program

D) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles

3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _____.

A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life

B) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep

C) do not know how to relax properly

D) are more unlikely to run into mental problems

4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____.

A) appear disturbed

B) become energetic

C) feel dissatisfied

D) be extremely depressed

5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?

A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened

B) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many

mental patients

C) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep

D) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest

【答案及详解】BBBAB

答案：

1. B.许多短睡眠者不得不减少晚上的睡眠时间，因为他们忙于工作。

2. B.睡眠会干扰他们的正确判断。

3. B.often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep在文章第三段中提到，睡眠不足者往往忽视了睡眠不足的后果，因此选项B正确。

4. A.appear disturbed在文中提到，长睡眠者如果有时不能得到充足的睡眠，可能会显得烦躁不安，因此答案为A。

5. B .The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many mental patients文章中没有提到短睡眠者的睡眠模式与许多精神病人的睡眠模式完全相同，因此选项B是不包括在文章中的。

译文：

贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。

总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。

当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。

“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。

“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。

1.根据报告，______。

A) 许多睡眠不足的人天生睡眠需求较少

B) 许多睡眠不足的人因为工作繁忙而被迫减少每晚的睡眠时间

C) 长时间睡眠的人在白天会睡更长的时间

D) 许多长时间睡眠的人保留了他们在童年时期形成的睡眠习惯

2.许多“睡眠不足者”可能持有这样的观点，即______。

A) 睡眠是一种脱离现实的行为

B) 睡眠干扰了他们的正确判断

C) 睡眠是他们日常计划中最便宜的项目

D) 睡眠是应对心理问题的最佳方式

3.第三段中提到，短睡眠者______。

A)即使在生活压力下也很有活力

B)经常忽视睡眠不足的后果

C)不知道如何正确放松

D)不太可能遇到精神问题

4. 有时，当他们无法享受充足的睡眠时，长睡眠者可能会________。

A) 显得不安

B)精力充沛

C)感到不满

D)非常沮丧

5. 下列哪一项未被包括在文章中？

A) 如果一个人睡眠不足，他的表现就会受到影响，记忆力也会减弱。

B) 短睡眠者的睡眠模式与许多精神病人的睡眠模式完全一样。

C) 长睡眠者和短睡眠者对睡眠的态度不同。

D) 短睡眠者多休息会更好。

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