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2023年山东学位英语考试阅读理解(三)
整理编辑:山东学位英语考试网 发布时间:2023-05-15 09:04:23 阅读量:
We all have a firstimpression of someone we have just met. But why? Why do weform an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her-except perhaps a few remarks or readily observable traits?
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world Your brain is so sensitive to facial traits. Even very minor difference in howa person's evesearsnose or mouth is placed makes you see him or her as different.Infactyour brain continuously processes afferent(传入的)sensor information-the sihts and sounds of your world. These afferent sienals are comparedwithahostof"memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex(大脑皮层) system to determine what these new signals "mean".
If you see someone you know and like at the school, your brain savs"familiar and safe".If you sees someone new, it says new and potentially threatening"Then your brain stats to match features of this stranger) with other"known"memories.The more unfamiliar the characteristics are. the more likelv your arain savs, "this is new. I don't like this person, " or else."I am very intrigued(好奇)"Orvour brain may see a new face but familiar clothes ethnicity, gestures-like your other friends, so your brain says, “I like this person." But these preliminary impressions can be dead wrong.
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking(like the immature form ofthinking ofa young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressionsofothers.Rather than learning about the depth and breadth of people.theirhistorvinterestvalues, strengths and true character-we categorize them as frauds(骗子)or freaks(怪人)。
However.ifweresistinitial stereotvpical impressions. we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear his orherlifehopesdreamsand become aware of our-cortex, we will be humane.
11.0urfirstimpression of someone new is influenced by his or her
A. past experience B.character
C. facial features D.hobbies
12.I you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is most likely to
A. He is familiar and safe
B. He is new and potentially threatening
C.I like this person
D、This is new. I don't like this person
13. The underlined word “preliminary" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. simplistic B. stereotypical C.initial D. categorical
14.Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because
A. we neglect their depth and breadth B. they are not all frauds or freaks
C. our thinking is similar to that of a teenager D. our judgment is always wrong
15.Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A.Our firstimpression isinfluenced by the sensitivity of our brain and can be Wrong.
B.One's physical appearance can influence our first impression.
C.Stereotypical impressions should be used to categorize people.
D.Weshouldadoptaless mature form of thinking when getting to know people
我们都会对刚认识的人有第一印象。但是为什么呢?为什么我们会在对一个人一无所知的情况下就对他或她形成看法--也许除了几句话或显而易见的特征之外
答案与你的大脑如何让你感知世界有关。你的大脑对面部特征非常敏感。一个人的眼睛、耳朵、鼻子或嘴的位置即使是非常微小的差异也会让你看到他或她的不同。事实上,你的大脑不断地处理传入的感官信息--你所处世界的景象和声音。将这些传入信号与储存在大脑皮层系统中的大量“记忆”进行比较,以确定这些新信号的“含义”
如果你在学校看到你认识和喜欢的人,你的大脑会说“熟悉又安全”。如果你看到了一个新的人,它就会显示出新的和潜在的威胁",那么你的大脑统计数据就会与这个陌生人的特征相匹配)和其他“已知的”记忆。越是不熟悉的特征,你的客户越有可能说:"这是新的。”我不喜欢这个人。或者,你的大脑可能会看到一张新面孔,但熟悉的衣服、种族、手势--比如你的其他朋友,所以你的大脑会说,“我喜欢这个人。"但这些初步印象可能是大错特错的。
当我们对别人形成刻板印象时,我们用的是一种不太成熟的思维方式(就像小孩子不成熟的思维方式!,对别人产生了简单而明确的印象。而不是去了解人的深度和广度。他们的历史、兴趣、价值观、实力和真实性格--我们把他们归类为骗子或怪胎。
然而,如果我们抵制最初的刻板印象,我们就有机会了解一个人真正的样子。如果我们花时间和一个人在一起,倾听他或她的生活,希望,梦想,并意识到我们的大脑皮层,我们将是人道的。
11.根据文章第二段第二三句,可知大脑对面部特征非常敏感,即使是无关位置的细微差别也会导致把一个人看作是不同的。由此可推断我们对别人的第一印象受其面部特征的影响,故选C
12.根据文章第三段倒数第二句,可知选C
13.prelimiinary可定位到文章第三段最后一句,根据上下文可推断出these preliminaryimpressions 代指前面对各种人的第一印象。
A:过分简单化的;E:模式化的;C:最初的,开始的;D:明确的,故选C
14.根据文章第四段内容可知当我们对别人形成刻板印象时,我们用的是一种不太成熟的思维方式(就像小孩子不成熟的思维方式),对别人产生了简单而明确的印象。而不是去了解人的深度和广度。他们的历史、兴趣、价值观、实力和真实性格--我们把他们归类为骗子或怪胎。故选A
15.主旨题,A:我们的第一印象受大脑敏感度的影响,可能是错误的
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