2023年山东学位英语考试阅读理解（九）

Is language, like food, a basic human need? Judging from the result of the violent experiment by aGerman King, Frederick Il, in the 13th century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child wouldspeak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants(婴儿) died before the first year. But clearly there was more than languagedeprivation(剩夺,丧失) here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the firstyear of life especially,the capacity(能力容量) to survive(幸免于,活下来)is seriously affected.

Today no much violent deprivation exists as that by Frederick Il. Nevertheless(然而,仍然)，somechildren are still backward(向后的,向后) in speaking Most often the reason for this is that the motheris insensitive (不敏感的)to the signals(信号) of the infant，whose brain(脑力,智能) is programmed to mayup language rapidly,There are critical(紧要的,关键性的) times,it seems,when children learn more readilyIf these sensitive(敏感的,灵敏的) periods are neglected(忽略,忽视)，the ideal time for acquiring(取得获得,学到) language skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.

Linguists(语言学家)suggest that speech stages(阶段) are reached in a fixed sequence(连续,继续)andat a constant(经常的) age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually(终于,最后) turns out to be of high IQ.

Recent evidence(根据) suggests that an infant is born with the capacity(能力) to speak. What is specialabout an’s brain(脑力,智能) compared(比较,对照) with that of the monkey，is the complex (复杂的)systerwhich enables(使能够,使可能)a child to connect the sight and feel of，say,a teddy-bear(玩具熊)with thesound pattern (式样)“teddy-bear”But speech has to be stimulated(刺激,激发)，and this depends on interaction (相与作用,干扰)betweenthe mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals(信号) in the child' s babbling(乐7学语)，grasping(贪心的,贪婪的)，crying， smiling，and responds(响应) to them.Insensitivity of theto these signals dulls(枯燥的,不鲜明的) the interaction because the child gets discouraged (泄气的)andsends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity(敏感) to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential(g要的) to the growth and development language.

11. Frederick IIs experiment was violent because

A) he wanted to prove children are born with ability to speak

B)he ignored the importance of mothering to the infant

C) he was unkind to the nurse

D) he wanted his nurses to say no mother tongue

12. The reason some children are backward in speaking today that_--------

A) their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak

B) their mothers are not intelligent(聪明的智的) enough to help them

C) they do not listen carefully to their mothers

D) their brains have to absorb(吸收) too much language at once.

13.By “critical(紧要的,关键性的) times” in Paragraph 3 the author means

A) difficult periods in the child' s life

B) moments when the child becomes critical to its mother

C) important stages(阶段) in the child’s development

D) times when mothers often neglect(忽视,忽略,疏忽) their children

14. Which of the following in NOT implied in the passage?

A) Ability to learn to speak a language is inborn(天生的,天赋的) in man

B) Children do not need to be encouraged to learn to speak

C) Early language starters are not necessarily highly intelligentC) Early language starters are not necessarily highly intelligent

D) Most children learn their language in definite(明确的,肯定的) stages

15. If the mother does not respond to her child’s signals

A) the child will never be able to speak properly(适当地,彻底地)

B) the child will stop giving out signals 

C) the child will invent a language of his own

D) the child will make little effort(努力) to speak

答案：BACBD 

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