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学位英语阅读理解中常见且实用的词汇有哪些?
整理编辑:山东学位英语考试网 发布时间:2024-12-16 09:28:31 阅读量:
一、表示逻辑关系的词汇和短语
1. 因果关系
- because(因为):引导原因状语从句,例如:He didn't go to school because he was ill.(他没去上学,因为他生病了。)
- since(既然,由于):既可表示时间“自从”,也可表原因,如:Since you are here, you can help me.(既然你在这儿,你可以帮帮我。)
- as(由于):同样可引导原因状语从句,As it was raining heavily, we decided to stay at home.(由于雨下得很大,我们决定待在家里。)
- therefore(因此,所以):副词,常用于句首或句中,起连接作用,例如:He worked hard. Therefore, he passed the exam.(他学习很努力。因此,他通过了考试。)
- thus(因而,从而):常表示一种顺承的结果,The traffic was heavy. Thus, he was late for work.(交通很拥堵。因而,他上班迟到了。)
- consequently(所以,结果):强调因果关联带来的后果,例如:He missed a lot of classes and consequently failed the course.(他缺了很多课,所以这门课不及格了。)
- due to(由于,因为):后接名词、代词或名词短语,相当于 because of,例如:The flight was cancelled due to bad weather.(由于天气恶劣,航班被取消了。)
- owing to(由于,因为):用法与 due to 相似,Owing to his hard work, he achieved great success.(由于他的努力工作,他取得了巨大的成功。)
2. 转折关系
- but(但是):最常用的转折连词,连接两个并列分句,例如:He is rich, but he isn't happy.(他很富有,但他并不快乐。)
- however(然而,可是):副词,位置较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末,用逗号隔开,例如:He studied hard. However, he still didn't get good grades.(他学习很努力。然而,他还是没取得好成绩。)
- nevertheless(然而,不过):语气稍正式,同样用于表示转折,The task was difficult. Nevertheless, we managed to finish it on time.(这项任务很艰巨。不过,我们还是设法按时完成了它。)
- while(然而):常用来对比两种情况,I like reading while my brother prefers watching TV.(我喜欢阅读,然而我弟弟更喜欢看电视。)
- although/though(虽然,尽管):引导让步状语从句,Although/Though it was late, he still went on working.(虽然已经很晚了,但他仍继续工作。)
3. 并列关系
- and(和,并且):连接并列的单词、短语或句子,例如:I like apples and bananas.(我喜欢苹果和香蕉。)
- or(或者,否则):可表选择,也可用于引导含蓄条件句(意为“否则”),例如:You can come with us or stay at home.(你可以和我们一起去,或者待在家里。)Hurry up, or you'll be late.(快点,否则你会迟到的。)
- both...and...(既……又……):连接两个并列成分,强调两者都,例如:He is both intelligent and hardworking.(他既聪明又勤奋。)
- not only...but also...(不但……而且……):连接两个并列的句子成分,侧重点在后半部分,例如:He can not only speak English but also write in it.(他不但会说英语,而且能用英语写作。)
- as well as(也,和……一样):连接并列成分,强调前者,例如:He as well as his classmates likes playing football.(他和他的同学们一样,喜欢踢足球。)
4. 递进关系
- besides(此外,而且):常用于句首,引出另外的情况,例如:I don't like this book. Besides, it's too expensive.(我不喜欢这本书。此外,它太贵了。)
- in addition(另外,此外):与 besides 用法相似,可放在句首、句中,例如:He is good at math. In addition, he has a talent for music.(他擅长数学。另外,他有音乐天赋。)
- moreover(而且,此外):较正式,用于进一步补充说明,语气稍强,例如:The house is big. Moreover, it has a beautiful garden.(这房子很大。而且,它有一个漂亮的花园。)
- furthermore(此外,而且):同样用于加强语气,进一步阐述观点,例如:He is an excellent student. Furthermore, he is very helpful to others.(他是个优秀的学生。而且,他对别人很热心。)
二、表示观点态度的词汇
1. 积极肯定
- positive(积极的,肯定的):常用来形容态度或评价,例如:He has a positive attitude towards life.(他对生活有着积极的态度。)
- optimistic(乐观的):表示对事物充满希望的态度,例如:She is always optimistic about the future.(她总是对未来很乐观。)
- favorable(赞成的,有利的):可用于表达赞同的观点或有利的情况,例如:The new policy received favorable comments from the public.(这项新政策得到了公众的好评。)
- appreciative(感激的,赞赏的):侧重表达欣赏、感激之情,例如:We are all appreciative of his help.(我们都很感激他的帮助。)
- supportive(支持的):表示给予支持的态度,例如:Her parents are very supportive of her decision.(她的父母非常支持她的决定。)
2. 消极否定
- negative(消极的,否定的):与 positive 相对,例如:He gave a negative answer to the question.(他对这个问题给出了否定的回答。)
- pessimistic(悲观的):和 optimistic 相反,形容对事物持悲观态度,例如:Don't be so pessimistic about it. Things will get better.(别对此这么悲观。情况会变好的。)
- critical(批评的,挑剔的):强调指出不足、进行批评的态度,例如:The critic was very critical of the new movie.(这位评论家对这部新电影很挑剔。)
- skeptical(怀疑的):表示对某事不太相信、持有怀疑态度,例如:I'm skeptical about his explanation.(我对他的解释持怀疑态度。)
- disapproving(不赞成的,反对的):表达不赞同的意思,例如:She gave him a disapproving look.(她向他投去了不赞成的目光。)
3. 中立客观
- neutral(中立的):指不偏向任何一方,保持客观中立的立场,例如:The referee should remain neutral during the game.(裁判在比赛中应该保持中立。)
- objective(客观的):强调依据事实,不带个人主观偏见,例如:We need to make an objective evaluation of the situation.(我们需要对这种情况做出客观的评价。)
- impartial(公正的,不偏不倚的):与 neutral 和 objective 类似,侧重公平公正,例如:An impartial judge will make a fair decision.(一位公正的法官会做出公平的决定。)
三、高频实用动词短语
1. look 相关短语
- look after(照顾,照料):等同于 take care of,例如:My mother looks after my little brother at home.(我妈妈在家照顾我弟弟。)
- look for(寻找):强调寻找的动作,例如:I'm looking for my lost key.(我正在寻找我丢失的钥匙。)
- look into(调查,研究):常表示深入了解某事,例如:The police are looking into the case.(警察正在调查这个案件。)
- look forward to(盼望,期待):to 为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,例如:I'm looking forward to seeing you again.(我盼望着再次见到你。)
- look up(查阅;向上看):表示查阅资料时,常接 in + 资料名称,例如:You can look up the word in the dictionary.(你可以在字典里查阅这个单词。)
2. put 相关短语
- put off(推迟,延期):例如:We have to put off the meeting because of the bad weather.(由于天气不好,我们不得不推迟会议。)
- put on(穿上;上演):表示“穿上”时接衣服等名词,“上演”常接戏剧、节目等,例如:Put on your coat. It's cold outside.(穿上你的外套。外面很冷。)They put on a wonderful play last night.(昨晚他们上演了一场精彩的戏剧。)
- put out(扑灭,熄灭;生产):例如:The firemen put out the fire quickly.(消防员很快扑灭了大火。)The factory puts out a lot of products every year.(这家工厂每年生产大量产品。)
- put up(张贴;搭建;举起):例如:They put up a notice on the wall.(他们在墙上张贴了一则通知。)We put up a tent by the lake.(我们在湖边搭建了一个帐篷。)Put up your hands if you have any questions.(如果你们有问题,请举手。)
3. take 相关短语
- take after(与……相像):常指外貌或性格方面像某人,例如:He takes after his father in appearance.(他在长相上跟他父亲很相像。)
- take off(起飞;脱下;成功):例如:The plane took off on time.(飞机按时起飞了。)Take off your wet clothes.(脱下你湿的衣服。)His career really took off after that performance.(在那次演出之后,他的事业真正腾飞了。)
- take in(吸收;理解;欺骗):例如:Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.(植物吸收二氧化碳,释放氧气。)I couldn't take in what he said.(我理解不了他说的话。)Don't be taken in by his lies.(不要被他的谎言所欺骗。)
- take on(承担;呈现;雇佣):例如:He took on too much work and got very tired.(他承担了太多工作,变得非常疲惫。)The city takes on a new look during the Spring Festival.(春节期间,这座城市呈现出一番新面貌。)The company took on several new employees last month.(这家公司上个月雇佣了几名新员工。)
- take part in(参加):指参与某项活动,例如:I took part in the sports meeting last week.(我上周参加了运动会。)
4. get 相关短语
- get along/on with(与……相处;进展):例如:How are you getting along/on with your classmates?(你和你的同学们相处得怎么样?)The project is getting along/on well.(这个项目进展顺利。)
- get away(离开,逃脱):例如:They got away from the dangerous place as soon as possible.(他们尽快地离开了那个危险的地方。)
- get down to(开始认真做某事):to 为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,例如:It's time to get down to business.(是时候开始认真做正事了。)
- get over(克服;恢复):例如:He has got over his difficulties in learning English.(他已经克服了学习英语的困难。)She is still trying to get over the illness.(她仍在努力从疾病中恢复过来。)
- get through(通过;完成;接通电话):例如:He got through the exam with high marks.(他以高分通过了考试。)I finally got through all my work.(我终于完成了我所有的工作。)I couldn't get through to him on the phone.(我打电话没能接通他。)
这些词汇和短语在学位英语阅读理解中出现频率较高,熟练掌握它们能够帮助你更准确地理解文章的逻辑关系。
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